India
27 May 1526 Babur founds the Empire of Hind (usually referred to by
historians as the Mughal Empire)
17 May 1540 the Mughal rulers are expelled and superseded by the
Afghan Suri dynasty
23 Jul
1555 Empire of Hind under the Mughal rulers restored
29 Mar 1858 the last Mughal ruler is deposed
2 Aug 1858 U.K. Act of Parliament annexes the Empire, creating
British
India (effective 1 Nov 1858)
28 Apr 1876 by U.K. proclamation, the Queen takes the style "Empress
of India" (proclaimed in India 1 Jan 1877)
15 Aug 1947 British India, together with acceded states, is partitioned
into Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan; style
"Emperor of India" is abandoned (retroactive proclamation
dated 22 Jun 1948)
26 Jan 1950 India becomes a republic, styled "India, that is Bharat"

Emperors (title Padshah, sometimes Padshah-e Hind - emperor of India)
- Mughal dynasty -
31 Jul 1658 - 2 Mar 1707 Mohyi ad-Din Abu´l Mozaffar
Mohammad Awrangzib Bahadur
`Alamgir Padshah-e Ghazi (b. 1618 - d. 1707)
14 Mar 1707 - 27 Apr 1707 Qotb ad-Din Abu´l Fayaz Mohammad
A`zam Shah Padshah-e Ghazi (b. 1653 - d. 1707)
(continues in rebellion to 18 Jun 1707)
27 Apr 1707 - 27 Feb 1712 Qotb ad-Din Abu´n Nasr Sayyed
Mohammad Shah `Alam Bahadur Shah
Padshah-e Ghazi (b. 1643 - d. 1712)
(retroactive to 23 Mar 1707)
27 Apr 1707 - 13 Jan 1709 Mohammad Kam Bakhsh-e Dinpanah
ebn Awrangzib `Alamgir Padshah (b. 1666 - d. 1709)
(in rebellion)
29 Feb 1712 - 17 Mar 1712 Mohammad
`Azim ash-Shan ebn
Bahadur Shah Padshah (b. 16... - d. 1712)
29 Feb 1712 - 28 Mar 1712 Mohammad Rafi` ash-Shan ebn
Bahadur Shah
Padshah (b. 16... - d. 1712)
(in rebellion)
29 Feb 1712 - 27 Mar 1712 Jahan Shah ebn Bahadur Shah
Padshah "Khojestan Akhtar" (b. 16... - d.
1712)
(in rebellion)
30 Mar 1712 - 11 Jan 1713 Mo`ezz ad-Din Abu´l Fath Mohammad
Jahandar Shah Padshah (b. 1661 - d. 1713)
11 Jan 1713 - 1 Mar 1719 Mo`in ad-Din (or Jalal ad-Din)
Abu´l Mozaffar Mohammad
Farrokhsiyar Padshah (b. 1687 - d. 1719)
1 Mar 1719 - 7 Jun 1719 Shams ad-Din
Abu´l Barakat Soltan
Mohammad Rafi` ad-Darjat Padshah-e
Ghazi (b. c.1699 - d. 1719)
30 Mar 1719 - 13 Aug 1719 Mohammad Shah Nikusiyar
(in rebellion)
8 Jun 1719 - 6 Sep 1719 Mohammad Shah Jahan Sani Padshah (b. c.1700 - d. 1719)
28 Sep 1719 - 26 Apr 1748 Naser ad-Din Abu´l Fath (from 1722
Abu´l-Mozaffar) Mohammad Shah
Padshah-e Ghazi "Rawshan Akhtar" (b. 1702 - d. 1748)
12 Oct 1720 - 19 Nov 1720 Zahir ad-Din Abu´l Fath Mohammad
Ebrahim Shah Padshah (b. ... - d. 1720)
(in rebellion)
29 Apr 1748 - 3 Jun 1754 Mojahed ad-Din Abu´n Nasr Ahmad
Shah Bahadur Padshah-e Ghazi (b. 1725 - d. 1773)
3 Jun 1754 - 29 Nov 1759 `Aziz ad-Din Abu´l-`Adl Mohammad
`Alamgir Padshah-e Ghazi (b. 1699 - d. 1759)
11 Dec 1759 - 25 Dec 1759 Mohyi-e
Millat (or Mohyi ad-Din)
Shah Jahan Sani ebn Mohyi-e Sannat
Mohammad
25 Dec 1759 - 1 Aug 1788 Jalal ad-Din Abu´l Mozaffar
Mohammad Shah `Alam Padshah
"Ham-e Din" (1st time) (b. 1728 - d. 1806)
1 Aug 1788 - 9 Oct 1788 Mohammad Bidarbakht ebn Ahmad Shah
16 Oct 1788 - 10 Nov 1806 Jalal ad-Din Abu´l
Mozaffar
Mohammad Shah `Alam Padshah
"Ham-e Din" (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Nov 1806 - 28 Sep 1837 Mo`in ad-Din Abu´n Nasr Mohammad
Akbar Padshah Saheb Qiran-e Sani (b. 1759 - d. 1837)
29 Sep 1837 - 29 Mar 1858 Seraj ad-Din Abu´l Mozaffar
Mohammad Bahadur Shah Padshah (b. 1775 - d. 1862)
Governors-general (of the British East India Company)
20 Oct 1774 - 1 Feb 1785 Warren Hastings (b. 1732 - d. 1818)
1 Feb 1785 - 12 Sep 1786 John Macpherson (acting) (b. 1745 - d. 1821)
12 Sep 1786 - 28 Oct 1793 Chrles Cornwallis, Earl Cornwallis
(1st time) (b. 1738 - d. 1805)
28 Oct 1793 - Mar 1798 Sir John Shore (b. 1751 - d. 1834)
Mar 1798 - 18 May
1798 Sir Alured Clarke (acting) (b. 1745 - d. 1832)
18 May 1798 - 30 Jul 1805 Richard Colley Wellesley, Baron
Wellesley (from 1799, Richard
Colley Wellesley,
Marquess
Wellesley) (b. 1760 - d. 1842)
30 Jul 1805 - 5 Oct 1805 Charles Cornwallis, Marquess
Cornwallis (2nd time) (s.a.)
10 Oct 1805 - 31 Jul 1807 Sir George Hilario Barlow (acting) (b. 1762 - d. 1846)
31 Jul 1807 - 4 Oct 1813 Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,
Baron
Minto (b. 1751 - d. 1814)
4 Oct 1813 - 9 Jan 1823 Francis Rawdon-Hastings, Earl of
Moira (from 1817, Francis Rawdon-
Hastings, Marquess of Hastings) (b. 1754 - d. 1826)
9 Jan 1823 - 1 Aug 1823 John Adam (acting) (b. 1779 - d. 1825)
1 Aug 1823 - 13 Mar 1828 William Pitt Amherst, Baron
Amherst
(from 1826, William Pitt
Amherst, Earl Amherst) (b. 1773 - d. 1857)
13 Mar 1828 - 4 Jul 1828 William Butterworth Bayley (b. 1782 - d. 1860)

(acting)
4 Jul 1828 - 20 Mar 1835 William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck,
Lord Bentinck (b. 1774 - d. 1839)
20 Mar 1835 - 4 Mar 1836 Sir Charles Theophilus Metcalfe
(acting) (b. 1785 - d. 1846)
4 Mar 1836 - 28 Feb 1842 George Eden, Baron Auckland
(from 1839, George Eden,
Earl of Auckland) (b. 1784 - d. 1849)
28 Feb 1842 - Jun 1844 Edward Law, Baron Ellenborough (b. 1790 - d. 1871)
Jun 1844 - 23 Jul 1844 William Wilberforce Bird (acting)
23 Jul 1844 - 12 Jan
1848 Henry Hardinge, (from May 1846)
Viscount Hardinge (b. 1785 - d. 1856)
12 Jan 1848 - 28 Feb 1856 James Andrew Broun Ramsay, (from
1849, Marquess and) Earl
of
Dalhousie (b. 1812 - d. 1860)
28 Feb 1856 - 1 Nov 1858 Charles John Canning, Viscount

Canning (b. 1812 - d. 1862)
Viceroys
1 Nov 1858 - 21 Mar 1862 Charles John Canning, Viscount
Canning (from 1859, Charles John
Canning, Earl Canning) (s.a.)
21 Mar 1862 - 20 Nov 1863 James Bruce, Earl of Elgin (b. 1811 - d. 1863)
21 Nov 1863 - 2 Dec 1863 Sir Robert Cornelis Napier (b. 1810 - d. 1890)
(acting)
2 Dec 1863 - 12 Jan 1864 Sir William Thomas Denison (b. 1804 - d. 1871)
(acting)
12 Jan 1864 - 12 Jan 1869 Sir John Laird Mair Lawrence
(b. 1811 - d. 1879)
12 Jan 1869 - 8 Feb 1872 Richard Southwell Bourke,
Earl of Mayo (b. 1822 - d. 1872)
9 Feb 1872 - 23 Feb 1872 Sir John Strachey (acting) (b. 1823 - d. 1907)
24 Feb 1872 - 3 May 1872 Francis Napier, Baron of Ettrick (b. 1819 - d. 1898)
(acting)
3 May 1872 - 12 Apr 1876 Thomas George Baring,
Viscount Baring of
Lee (b. 1826 - d. 1904)
12 Apr 1876 - 8 Jun 1880 Robert Bulwer-Lytton, Baron Lytton (b. 1831 - d. 1891)
8 Jun 1880 - 13 Dec 1884 George Frederick Samuel Robinson,
Marquess of Ripon (b. 1827 - d. 1909)
13 Dec 1884 - 10 Dec 1888 Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-
Blackwood, Earl of Dufferin (b. 1826 - d. 1902)
10 Dec 1888 - 11 Oct 1894 Henry
Petty-Fitzmaurice,
Marquess of Lansdowne (b. 1845 - d. 1927)
11 Oct 1894 - 6 Jan 1899 Victor Alexander Bruce,
Earl of Elgin (b. 1849 - d. 1917)
6 Jan 1899 - 18 Nov 1905 George Nathaniel Curzon (b. 1859 - d. 1925)
18 Nov 1905 - 23 Nov 1910 Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-
Kynynmound, Earl of Minto (b. 1845 - d. 1914)
23 Nov 1910 - 4 Apr 1916 Charles Hardinge, Baron Hardinge
of
Penshurst (b. 1858 - d. 1944)
4 Apr 1916 - 2 Apr 1921 Frederic John Napier Thesiger,
Baron Chelmsford (b. 1868 - d.
1933)
2 Apr 1921 - 10 Apr 1925 Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Baron
Reading of Erleigh (b. 1860 - d. 1935)
10 Apr 1925 - 3 Apr 1926 Victor Alexander George Robert
Bulwer-Lytton, Earl of Lytton (b. 1876 - d. 1947)
(acting)
3 Apr 1926 - 29 Jun 1929 Edward Frederick Lindley Wood,
Baron Irwin (b. 1881 - d. 1959)
29 Jun 1929 - 18 Apr 1931 George Joachim Goschen, Viscount
Goschen of Hawkhurst (b. 1866 - d. 1952)
18 Apr 1931 - 18 Apr 1936 George Freeman Freeman-Thomas,
Earl of Willingdon (b. 1866 - d. 1941)
18 Apr 1936 - 1 Oct 1943 Victor Alexander John Hope,
Marquess of Linlithgow (b. 1887 - d. 1952)
1 Oct 1943 - 21 Feb 1947 Archibald Percival Wavell,
Viscount
Wavell (b. 1883 - d. 1950)
21 Oct 1943 - 18 Aug 1945 Subhas Chandra Bose (b. 1897 - d. 1945)
(Head of State of Provisional Government of Free
India proclaimed at Singapore, recognized by Axis
powers)
21 Feb 1947 - 15 Aug 1947 Louis Francis Mountbatten,
Viscount Mountbatten of Burma (b. 1900 - d. 1979)
Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)
15 Aug 1947 - 21 Jun 1948 Louis Francis
Mountbatten,
Earl Mountbatten of Burma (s.a.)
21 Jun 1948 - 26 Jan 1950 Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (b. 1878 - d. 1972)
Presidents
26 Jan 1950 - 13 May 1962 Rajendra Prasad (b. 1884 - d. 1963)
13 May 1962 - 13 May 1967 Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (b. 1888 - d. 1975)
13 May 1967 - 3 May 1969 Zakir Husain (b. 1897 - d.
1969)
3 May 1969 - 20 Jul 1969 Varahagiri Venkata Giri
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1894 - d. 1980)
20 Jul 1969 - 24 Aug 1969 Muhammad Hidayat Ullah (acting) (b. 1905 - d. 1992)
24 Aug 1969 - 24 Aug 1974 Varahagiri Venkata Giri
(2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Aug 1974 - 11 Feb 1977 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (b. 1905 - d. 1977)
11 Feb 1977 - 25 Jul 1977 Basappa Danappa Jatti (acting) (b. 1912 - d. 2002)
25 Jul 1977 - 25 Jul 1982 N. Sanjiva Reddy (b. 1913 - d. 1996)
25 Jul 1982 - 25 Jul 1987 Zail
Singh (b. 1916 - d. 1994)
25 Jul 1987 - 25 Jul 1992 Ramaswamy Venkataraman (b. 1910)
25 Jul 1992 - 25 Jul 1997 Shankar Dayal Sharma (b. 1918 - d. 1999)
25 Jul 1997 - 25 Jul 2002 K.R. Narayanan (b. 1920 - d. 2005)
25 Jul 2002 - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (b. 1931)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Prime ministers
15 Aug 1947 - 27 May 1964 Jawaharlal Nehru (b. 1889 - d. 1964)
27 May 1964 - 9 Jun 1964 Gulzarilal Nanda (1st time) (b. 1898 - d. 1998)
9
Jun 1964 - 11 Jan 1966 Lal Bahadur Shastri (b. 1904 - d. 1966)
11 Jan 1966 - 19 Jan 1966 Gulzarilal Nanda (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Jan 1966 - 24 Mar 1977 Indira Gandhi (f) (1st time) (b. 1917 - d. 1984)
24 Mar 1977 - 28 Jul 1979 Morarji Desai (b. 1896 - d. 1995)
28 Jul 1979 - 14 Jan 1980 Charan Singh (b. 1902 - d. 1987)
14 Jan 1980 - 31 Oct 1984 Indira Gandhi (f) (2nd time)
(s.a.)
31 Oct 1984 - 2 Dec 1989 Rajiv Gandhi (b. 1944 - d. 1991)
2 Dec 1989 - 10 Nov 1990 Vishwanath Pratap Singh (b. 1931)
10 Nov 1990 - 21 Jun 1991 Chandra Shekhar (b. 1927)
21 Jun 1991 - 16 May 1996 P.V. Narasimha Rao (b. 1921 - d. 2004)
16 May 1996 - 1 Jun 1996 Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1st time) (b. 1924)
1 Jun 1996 - 21 Apr 1997 H.D. Deve Gowda (b. 1933)
21 Apr 1997 - 19 Mar 1998 Inder Kumar Gujral (b. 1919)
19 Mar 1998 - 22 May 2004 Atal Bihari Vajpayee (2nd time)
(s.a.)
22 May 2004 - Manmohan Singh (b. 1932)
Provinces of British India
States before 1947: A-J - K-W
States after 1947: A-L - M-W

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Jammu and Kashmir
... Kingdom of Kashmir established in remote (legendary)
antiquity; State of Jammu established in early Middle Ages
28 Jul
1589 Kashmir incorporated into (Mughal) Empire of Hind
May 1752 Kashmir conquered by the newly founded Afghan kingdom
1816 Jammu annexed to the Punjab
5 Jul
1819 Kashmir annexed to the Punjab
1820 independence of Jammu restored
15 Mar 1846 U.K. government cedes Kashmir to the ruler of Jammu, thus
creating the state of Jammu and Kashmir
27 Oct 1947 the ruler of Jammu and Kashmir declares the accession of
the state to India
26 Jan 1957 the incorporation of Jammu and Kashmir into India is
declared to be complete
Jammu
Rajas
- Durgar dynasty -
1686 - 1703 Gujai Dev (b. ... - d.
1703)
1703 - 1725 Dhruv Dev (b. ... - d. 1725)
1725 - 4 Apr 1782 Ranjit Dev (b. ... - d. 1782)
4 Apr 1782 - 1787 Brij Raj
Dev (b. ... - d. 1787)
1787 - Jun 1797 Sampuran Singh (b. 1786 - d. 1797)
Jun 1797 - 1816 Jit Singh
1820 - 1822 Kishore
Singh (b. ... - d. 1822)
4 May 1822 - 15 Mar 1846 Gulab Singh (b. 1792 - d. 1857)
Jammu and Kashmir
Raja
- Durgar dynasty -
15 Mar 1846 - 9 Nov 1846 Gulab Singh (s.a.)
Maharajas
- Durgar dynasty -
9 Nov 1846 - 20 Feb 1856 Gulab Singh (s.a.)
20 Feb 1856 - 12 Sep 1885 Ranbir Singh (b. 1830 - d. 1885)
12 Sep 1885 - 18 Apr 1889 Pratap Singh (1st time) (b. 1848 - d. 1925)
18 Apr 1889 - 1890 Amar Singh (b. 1864 - d. 1909)
(chairman regency council)
1890 - 7 Sep 1925 Pratap Singh (2nd time) (s.a.)
(chairman regency council to Oct 1905)
7 Sep 1925 - 17 Nov 1952 Hari Singh (b. 1895 - d. 1961)
20 Jun 1949 - 17 Nov 1952 Karan Singh (regent) (b. 1931)
Sadr-e Riyasat (roughly, "head of state")
17 Nov 1952 - 30 Mar 1965 Karan Singh (s.a.)
Governors
30 Mar 1965 - 15 May 1967 Karan
Singh (s.a.)
15 May 1967 - 3 Jul 1973 Bhagwan Sahay (b. 1905)
3 Jul 1973 - 22 Feb 1981 Lakshmi Kant Jha (b. 1913 - d. 1988)
22 Feb 1981 - 26 Apr 1984 Braj Kumar Nehru (b. 1909 - d. 2001)
26 Apr 1984 - Jul 1989 Jagmohan (1st time) (b. 1927)
Jul 1989 - 19 Jan 1990 K.V. Krishna Rao (1st time) (b. 1923)
19 Jan 1990 - 26 May 1990 Jagmohan (2nd
time) (s.a.)
26 May 1990 - 12 Mar 1993 Girish Chandra Saxena (1st time) (b. 1928)
12 Mar 1993 - 2 May 1998 K.V. Krishna Rao (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 May 1998 - 4 Jun 2003 Girish Chandra Saxena (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Jun 2003 - S.K.
Sinha (b. 1926)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prime ministers
1932 - 1937 Elliot James Dowell Colvin (b. 1885 - d. 1950)
1937 - Jul 1943 N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar (from
1941, Sir N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar) (b. 1882 - d. 1953)
Jul 1943 - Feb 1944 Kailas Narain Haksar (b. 1878 - d. 19...)
Feb 1944 - 28 Jun 1945 Sir Benegal Narsing
Rau (b. 1887 - d. 1953)
28 Jun 1945 - 11 Aug 1947 Ram Chandra Kak (b. 1893 - d. 1983)
11 Aug 1947 - 15 Oct 1947 Janak Singh (acting)
15 Oct 1947 - 5 Mar 1948 Meher Chand Mahajan (b. 1889 - d. 19...)
5
Mar 1948 - 9 Aug 1953 Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah (b. 1905 - d. 1982)
9 Aug 1953 - 12 Oct 1963 Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad (b. 1907 - d. 1972)
12 Oct 1963 - 29 Feb 1964 Khwaja Shams-ud-Din (b. 1922 - d. 1999)
29 Feb 1964 - 30 Mar 1965 Ghulam Mohammad
Sadiq (b. 1912 - d. 1971)
Chief ministers
30 Mar 1965 - 12 Dec 1971 Ghulam Mohammad Sadiq (s.a.)
12 Dec 1971 - 25 Feb 1975 Syed Mir Qasim (b. 1921 - d. 2004)
25 Feb 1975 - 26 Mar 1977 Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah
(1st time) (s.a.)
9 Jul 1977 - 8 Sep 1982 Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah
(2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Sep 1982 - 2 Jul 1984 Farooq Abdullah (1st time) (b. 1936)
2 Jul 1984 - 6 Mar 1986 Ghulam Mohammad
Shah (b. 1920?)
7 Nov 1986 - 19 Jan 1990 Farooq Abdullah (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Oct 1996 - 18 Oct 2002 Farooq Abdullah (3rd time) (s.a.)
2 Nov 2002 - 2 Nov 2005 Mufti Mohammad
Sayeed (b. 1936)
2 Nov 2005 - Ghulam Nabi Azad (b. 1949)

British residents
1883
- 1886 Sir Oliver Beauchamp Coventry
St. John (b. 1837 - d. 1891)
1886 - 1889 Trevor John Chichele
Chichele-Plowden (b. 1846 - d. 1905)
1889 - 1892 Robert Parry Nisbet (b. 1839 - d. 1916)
1892 - 1894 David William Keith
Barr (b. 1846 - d. 1916)
1894 - 1896 Hugh Shakespear Barnes (b. 1853 - d. 1940)
1896 - 1900 Sir Adelbert Talbot (b. 1845 - d. 1920)
1900 -
1901 Harold Arthur Deane (b. 1854 - d. 1908)
1901 - 1903 Louis William Dane (b. 1856 - d. 1946)
1903 - 1905 Elliot Graham Colvin (b. 1861 - d. 1940)
1906 - 1909 Sir Francis Edward Younghusband (b. 1863 - d. 1942)
1910 - 1911 John Ramsay (b. 1862 - d. 1942)
1911 - 1914 Stuart Mitford Fraser (b. 1864 - d. 1963)
1914 - 1915 Henry Venn Cobb (b. 1864 - d. 1949)
1916 - 1917 John Manners Smith (b. 1864 - d. 1920)
1917 - 1921 Arthur D'Arcy Gordon Bannerman (b. 1866 - d.
1955)
1921 - 1923 Charles Joseph Windham (b. 1867 - d. 1941)
1923 - 1927 Sir John Barry Wood (b. 1870 - d. 1933)
1927 - 1929 Evelyn Berkeley
Howell (b. 1877 - d. 1971)
1929 - 1931 George Drummond Ogilvie (b. 1882 - d. 1966)
1931 - 1932 Courtenay Latimer (b. 1880 - d. 1944)
Jul 1932 -
1935 Frederick Marshman Bailey (b. 1882 - d. 1967)
1935 - 1938 Lionel Edward Lang (b. 1885 - d. 1956)
1938 - 1941 Denholm Fraser (b. 1889 - d. 1956)
1941 - 1943 Leslie Eric Barton (b. 1889 - d. 1952)
1943 - 1945 James Glasgow Acheson (b. 1889 - d. 1973)
1945 - 1947 Wilfred Francis Webb (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
Ladakh
c.900 Mnga'-ris-skor-gsum (Ladakh) established by a
West-Tibetan branch of the Yar-lung dynasty
17 Sep 1842
Ladakh incorporated into the Jammu state, succeeded
by Jammu and Kashmir (with some nominal autonomy)

Kings (title Chos-rgyal-chen-po)¹
- rNam-rgyal dynasty -
1694 - 1729 Nyi-ma rNam-rgyal
1729 - 20 Mar 1739 bDe-skyong rNam-rgyal
1739 - 1753 Phun-tshogs rNam-rgyal
1753 - 1782 Tshe-dbang rNam-rgyal II
1782 - 1802 Mi-jigs-tshe-brtan rNam-rgyal
1802 - 1837 Tshe-dpal-mi-'gyur-don-grub
rNam-rgyal (1st time)
1837 - 1839 dNgos-grub-bstan-'dzin (regent)
1839 - 1840 Tshe-dpal-mi-'gyur-don-grub
rNam-rgyal (2nd time)
Jun 1840 - Jul 1840 'Jigs-med rNam-rgyal (1st
time)
1840 - 1842 Kun-dga' rNam-rgyal
1842 - 17 Sep 1842 'Jigs-med rNam-rgyal (2nd time)
¹From 1683 every ruler also used the name Aqibat Mahmud Khan.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

French India
1674 French territory
Jan 1760 - 1765 British
occupation
1778 - 1783 British occupation
1793 - 1816 British occupation
2 May 1950 Chandernagor transferred to India
13 Jun
1954 Yanaon taken by Indian military police
15 Jul 1954 Mahé taken by pro-Indian groups
1 Nov 1954 remaining territories (Pondichéry and Karikal) transferred
to India de facto (see under Indian states M-W)
16 Aug 1962 de jure transfer of French India to India

Governors (from 20 Aug 1947, commissioners)
1699 - 31 Dec 1706 François Martin (b. 1634 - d. 1706)
Jan 1707 - Jul 1708 Pierre Dulivier (1st time)
1708 - 1712 Guillaume André d'Hébert
(1st time)
1712 - 1717 Pierre Dulivier (2nd time)
1717 - 1718 Guillaume André d'Hébert
(2nd time)
Aug 1718 - 11 Oct 1721 Pierre André Prévost de La
Prévostière (b. ... - d. 1721)
1721
- 1723 Pierre Christoph Le Noir
(1st time) (acting)
1723 - 1726 Joseph Beauvollier de Courchant
1726 - 1734 Pierre
Christoph Le Noir
(2nd time)
18 Sep 1735 - 1741 Pierre Benoît Dumas (b. 1668 - d. 1745)
14 Jan 1742 - 15 Oct 1754 Joseph François Dupleix (b. 1697 - d. 1763)
15 Oct 1754 - 1754 Charles Godeheu (acting)
1754 - 1758 Georges Duval de Leyrit
1758 - Jan 1760 Thomas Arthur, comte de

Lally-Tollendal (b. 1702 - d. 1766)
1765 - 1766 Jean Law de Lauriston (1st time) (b. 1719 - d. 1797)
1766 - 1767 Antoine Boyellau
1767
- Jan 1777 Jean Law de Lauriston (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jan 1777 - 1782 Guillaume de Bellecombe,
seigneur de Teirac (b. 1728 - d. 1792)
1783 - 1785 Charles Joseph
Pâtissier,
marquis de Bussy-Castelnau (b. 1718 - d. 1785)
1785 François, vicomte de Souillac (b. 1732 - d. 1803)
Oct 1785 - 1787 David Charpentier de Cossigny (b.
1740 - d. 1801)
Oct 1787 - 1789 Thomas, comte de Conway (b. 1733 - d. c.1800)
Oct 1789 - 1792 Camille Charles Leclerc,
chevalier de Fresne
Nov 1792 - 1793 Prosper de Chermont (b. 1741 - d. 1798)
Sep 1816 - Oct 1825 André Julien, comte Dupuy (b. 1753? - d. 18...)
Oct 1825 - 19 Jun 1826 Joseph Cordier (1st time) (acting) (b. 1773 - d. 18...)
19 Jun 1826 - 2 Aug 1828 Eugène Panon, comte
Desbassayns de Richemont (b. 1800 - d. 1859)
2 Aug 1828 - 11 Apr 1829 Joseph Cordier (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
11 Apr 1829 - 3 May 1835 Auguste Jacques Nicolas Peureux
de Mélay
3 May 1835 - Apr 1840 Henri Jean Victor, marquis de
Saint-Simon (b. 1782 - d. 1865)
Apr 1840
- 1844 Paul de Nourquer du Camper
1844 - 1849 Louis Pujol
1849 Hyacinth Marie de Lalande de Calan (b. ... - d. 1849)
1851 - 1852 Achille Bédier (b. 1791
- d. 1865)
Aug 1852 - Apr 1857 Raymond Verninac de Saint-Maur (b. 1794 - d. 1873)
Apr 1857 - Jan 1863 Alexandre Jean Baptiste de
Verninac Durand d'Ubraye
Jan 1863 - Jun 1871 Louis
Bontemps (b. 1813 - d. 1872)
Jun 1871 - Nov 1871 Michaux
Nov 1871 - 1875 Pierre Aristide Faron (b. 1814 - d. 1879)
1875 - 1878 Adolphe Joseph Antoine Trillard (b. 1826 - d. ...)
Feb 1879 - Apr 1881 Léonce Laugier (b. 1829 - d. ...)
1881 - Oct 1884 Théodore Drouhet (b. 1817 - d. 1904)
Oct 1884 - 1886 Étienne Richaud (b. 1841 - d.
1889)
1886 - 1888 Édouard Manès
1888 - 1889 Jules Georges Piquet (b. 1839 - d. 1923)
1889 - 1891 Louis Hippolyte Marie Nouet (b. 1844 - d. 1933)
1891 - 1896 Léon Émile Clément-Thomas
1896 - Feb 1898 Louis Jean Girod
Feb 1898 - 11 Jan 1902 François Pierre Rodier (b. 1854 - d. 19...)
11 Jan 1902 - 1902 Pelletan (acting)
1902 - 1904 Victor Lanrezac (b. 1854 - d. 19...)
Aug 1904 - Apr 1905 Philema Lemaire (b. 1856 - d. 1932)
Apr 1905 - Oct 1906 Joseph François (b. 1853 - d. 19...)
Oct 1906 - 3 Dec 1907 Gabriel Angoulvant (b. 1872 - d. 1932)
1908 - 1909 Adrien Bonhoure (b. 1860 - d. 19...)
1909 - 9 Jul 1910 Fernand Levecque (b. 1852 - d. 19...)
9 Jul 1910 - Jul 1911 Alfred Martineau (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. 1945)
Jul 1911 - Nov 1913 Pierre Louis Alfred Duprat
Nov 1913 - 29 Jun 1918 Alfred Martineau (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Feb 1919 - 11 Feb 1926 Louis Gerbinis (b. 1871 - d.
1954)
1926 - 1928 Pierre Jean Henri Didelot (b. 1870 - d. 19...)
1928 - 1931 Robert de Guise
1931 - 1934 Adrien Juvanon (b. 1875 - d. 19...)
Aug 1934 - 1936 Léon Solomiac (b. 1873 - d. 1960)
1936 - 1938 Horace Valentin Crocicchia
26 Sep 1938 - 1945 Louis Bonvin (b. 1886 - d. 1946)
1945 - 1946 Nicolas Ernest Marie Maurice
Jeandin
20 Mar 1946 - 1949 Charles François Marie Baron
May 1949 - 1950 Jean
Chambon (b. 1896 - d. 1965)
31 Jul 1950 - Oct 1954 André Ménard
Oct 1954 - 1 Nov 1954 Escargueil

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Portuguese India
1510 Portuguese colony
Dec 1946 overseas province
19 Dec 1961 occupied by India
16 Mar 1962 annexed by India (recognized by Portugal in 1974)

Viceroys
20 Sep 1698 - 1701 António Luiz Gonçalves da Camara
Coutinho (b. 1638 - d. 1702)
1701 - 2 Oct 1703 Governing Commission
- Fray Agostinho da Annuncião
- Vasco Luiz Coutinho
2 Oct 1703 - 28 Oct 1707 Caetano de Mello e Castro (b. c.1680 - d. 1718)
28 Oct 1707 - 21 Sep 1712 Rodrigo da Costa (b. 1657 - d. 1722)
21 Sep 1712 - 13 Jan
1717 Vasco Fernandes César de Menezes (b. 1673 - d. 1743)
13 Jan 1717 - 16 Oct 1717 Sebastião de Andrade Pessanha (b. c.1670 - d. 1737)
(governor)
16 Oct 1717 - 14 Sep 1720 Luiz de Menezes, conde de Ericeira
(1st time) (b. 1689 - d. 1742)
14 Sep 1720 - 13 Jul 1723 Francisco José de Sampaio e Castro (b. c.1675 - d. 1723)
13 Jul 1723 - 3 Sep 1723 Cristóvão de Melo (b. c.1650 - d. 1737)
3 Sep 1723 - 28 Oct 1725 Governing Commission
- Cristóvão de Melo (1st time) (s.a.)
- Fray Ignacio de Santa Thereza
(1st time)
- Cristóvão Luiz de Andrade
28 Oct 1725 - 1732 João de Saldanha da Gama (b. 1674 - d. 1752)
1732 - 7 Oct 1732
Governing Commission
- Cristóvão de Melo (2nd time) (s.a.)
- Fray Ignacio de Santa Thereza
(2nd
time)
7 Oct 1732 - 18 May 1741 Pedro Mascarenhas, conde de
Sandomil (b. 1670 - d. 1745)
18 May 1741 - 12 Jun 1742 Luiz de Menezes, conde de Ericeira
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Jun 1742 - 24 Sep 1744 Governing Commission
- Francisco de Vasconcellos (b. ... - d. 1743)
(to 30 Mar 1743)
- Luiz Caetano de Almeida
- Lourenço de Noronha
(from 18 May 1743)
24 Sep 1744 - 27 Sep 1750 Pedro Miguel de Almeida, conde de
Assumar, marquês de Castelo Novo,
marquês
de Alorna (b. 1688 - d. 1756)
27 Sep 1750 - 18 Sep 1754 Francisco de Assis, marquês de
Távora (b. 1703 - d. 1759)
18 Sep 1754 - 26 Jun 1756 Luiz Mascarenhas, conde de
Alva (b. c.1685 - d. 1756)
Jun 1756 - 23 Sep 1756 Governing Commission
- António Taveira da Neiva da
Silveira (1st time)
- João de Mesquita Matos Teixeira
- Filippe de Valladares Souto
Maior
23 Sep 1756 - 19 Oct
1765 Manuel de Saldanha e Albuquerque,
conde da Ega (b. 1712 - d. 1771)
19 Oct 1765 - 12 Mar 1768 Governing Commission
- António Taveira da Neiva da
Silveira (2nd time)
- João Baptista Vaz Pereira
- João José de Mello (b. c.1700 - d. 1774)
Governors
12 Mar 1768 - 10 Jan 1774 João José de Mello (s.a.)
4 Feb 1774 - 24 Sep 1774
Filippe de Valladares Souto Maior (b. 1691 - d. 1775)
24 Sep 1774 - 26 Jun 1779 José Pedro da Camarra (b. 1721 - d. 1789)
26 Jun 1779 - 3 Nov 1786 Federico Guilherme de Souza (b. 1737 - d. 1790)
3 Nov 1786 - 22 May 1794 Francisco da Cunha e Menezes (b. 1747 - d. 1812)
22 May 1794 - 30 May 1807
Francisco António da Veiga Cabral (b. 1734 - d. 1810)
Viceroys
30 May 1807 - 29 Nov 1816 Bernardo José de Lorena, conde
de Sarzedas (b. 1756 - d. 1818)
29 Nov 1816 - 16 Sep 1821 Diogo de Souza, conde de Rio Pardo (b. 1755 - d. 1829)
16 Sep 1821 - Dec 1822 Governing Commission
- Manoel Godinho da Mira
- Joaquim Manoel Correia da
Silva
e Gama
- Gonçalo de Magalhães Teixeira
- Manoel Duarte Leitão
Dec 1822 - 18 Nov 1823 Governing Commission
- Manoel da Camara (b. 1789 - d. 1825)
- Fray Paulo de San Thomé de Aquino
- António de Mello Souto Maior
- João Carlos Leal
- António José de Lima Leitão
18 Nov 1823 -
1825 Manoel da Camara (s.a.)
(governor to 22 Aug 1824)
1825 - 9 Oct 1827 Governing Commission
- Fray Manoel de San
Galdino
- Candido José Mourão Garcez Palha
- António Ribeiro de Carvalho
9 Oct 1827 - 14 Jan 1835 Manoel de Portugal e Castro (b. 1787 - d. 1854)
(governor to 7 Apr 1830)
14 Jan 1835 - 31 Jan 1835 Bernardo Peres da Silva (prefect) (b. 1775 - d. 1846)
Feb 1835 - 3 Mar 1835 Joaquim Manoel Correia da Silva
e Gama
(chairman Provincial Committee)
Chairmen of the Provisional Government
3 Mar 1835 - Dec 1836 João C. da Rocha Vasconcellos
+ Manoel José
Ribeiro (b. ... - d. 1837)
+ Fray Constantino de Santa Rita
Dec 1836 - Apr 1837 João Cabral de Estifique
+ António Maria de Mello
+ Joaquim António de Moraes
Carneiro
Apr 1837 - 7 Dec 1837 José António de Lemos
+ António Mariano de Azevedo (b. ... - d. 1838)
Governors-general
7 Dec 1837 - 14 Oct 1838 Simão Infante de Lacerda, barão
de
Sabroso (b. 1793 - d. 1838)
Oct 1838 - 5 Mar 1839 Governing Council (acting)
- António Feliciano de Santa Rita
- José António Vieira da
Fonseca (b. 1793 - d. 1863)
- José Cancio Freire de Lima
- Domingo José Mariano Luiz
5 Mar 1839 - 15 Nov 1839 José António Vieira da Fonseca (s.a.)
(acting)
15 Nov 1839 - 18 Apr 1840 Manoel José Mendes, barão de
Candal (b. 1787 - d. 1840)
Apr 1840 -
24 Sep 1840 Governing Council (acting)
- José António Vieira da Fonseca (s.a.)
- José Carneiro Freire de Lima
- António João de
Athaíde
(1st time)
- Domingo José Mariano Luiz
- José da Costa Campos
(1st time)
- Caetano de Sousa e Vasconcellos
(1st time)
24 Sep 1840 - 27 Apr 1842 José Joaquim Lopez de Lima (b. c.1797 - d. 1852)
(acting)
27 Apr 1842 - 19 Sep 1842 Governing Council (acting)
- António Ramalho da Sá
- José de Mello Souta Maior Telles
- António João de Athaíde
(2nd time)
- José da Costa Campos (2nd time)
- Caetano de Sousa e Vasconcellos
(2nd time)
19 Sep 1842 - 25 Apr 1843 Francisco Xavier da Silva Pereira,
conde das Antas (b. 1793 - d. 1852)
25 Apr 1843 - 20 May 1844 Joaquim Mourão Garcês Palha (b. 1775 - d. 1850)
20 May 1844 - 15 Jan 1851 José Ferreira Pestana (1st time) (b. 1795 - d.
1885)
15 Jan 1851 - 1855 José Joaquim Januário Lapa,
barão de Villa Nova de Ourém (b. 1796 - d. 1859)
1855 - 6 May 1855 Governing Council (acting)
- Joaquim de Santa Rita Botelho
- Luiz da Costa Campos
- Francisco Xavier Peres
- Bernardo Hector da Silveira
- Victor Anastacio Mourão Garcez
Palha
6 May 1855 - 25 Dec 1864 António Cesar de
Vasconcellos
Correia, visconde de Torres Novas
25 Dec 1864 - 7 May 1870 José Ferreira Pestana (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 May 1870 - 10 Dec 1871 Januário Correia de Almeida,

visconde de São Januário (b. 1829 - d. 1901)
10 Dec 1871 - 10 May 1875 Joaquim José de Macedo e Couto (b. 1810 - d. 1879)
10 May 1875 - 24 Jul 1877 João Tavares de Almeida (b. 1816 - d. 1877)
25 Jul 1877 - 3 May 1878 António Sérgio de Sousa,
visconde de Sérgio de Sousa (b. 1809 - d. 1878)
May 1878 - 3 Dec 1878 Governing Council (acting)
- Ayres de Oruellas e Vasconcellos
- João Caetano da Silva Campos
- Francisco Xavier Soares da Veiga
(to ... 1878)
- Thomas Nunes da Serva e Moura
(from ... 1878)
- António Sérgio de Sousa (b. 1842 - d. 1906)
- Eduardo Augusto Pinto Balsemão
3 Dec 1878 - Nov 1881 Caetano Alexandre de Almeida
e Albuquerque (b. 1824 - d. 1916)
Nov 1881 - Dec 1885 Carlos Eugénio Correia da Silva,
visconde de Paço de Arcos (b. 1834 - d. 1905)
Dec 1885 - Oct 1886 Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do
Amaral (b. 1844 - d. 1923)
Oct 1886 - Apr 1889 Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho (b. 1836 - d. 1905)
Apr 1889 - 8 Jan 1891 Vasco Guedes de Carvalho e Meneses (b. 1824 - d. 1905)
8 Jan 1891 - 4 Feb 1892
Francisco Maria da Cunha (b. 1832 - d. 1909)
4 Feb 1892 - 11 Mar 1893 Francisco Teixeira da Silva (b. 1826 - d. 1894)
11 Mar 1893 - 1894 Raphael Jácome Lopes de Andrade
(1st
time) (b. 1851 - d. 1900)
1894 - 1895 Elesbão Betencourt Lapa, visconde
de Vila Nova de Ourém (b. 1831 - d. 1899)

1895 - 1896 Raphael Jácome Lopes de Andrade
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1896 Afonso Henriques, duque de Pôrto (b. 1865 - d. 1920)
(viceroy)
1896 - 1897 João António de Brissac das Neves
Ferreira (b. 1846 - d. 1902)
1897 - 1900 Joaquim José Machado (b. 1847 - d. 1925)
1900 - 1905 Eduardo Augusto Rodrigues Galhardo (b. 1845 - d. 1908)
1905 - 1907 Arnaldo de Novaes Guedes Rebelo (b. c.1850 - d. 19...)
1907 - 1910 José Maria de Sousa Horta e Costa (b. 1858 - d. 1927)
12 Oct 1910 - 3 Jul 1917 Francisco Manuel Couceiro da Costa (b. 1870 - d. 1925)
3 Jul 1917 - 17 Jul 1917 Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira
(1st time) (acting)
18 Jul 1917 - 24 Nov 1917 Governing Council
24 Nov 1917 - 12 Jun 1919 José de Freitas Ribeiro (b. 1868 - d. 1929)
12 Jun 1919 - 11 Nov 1919 Augusto de Paiva Bobela Mota (b. 1879 - d. 1931)
(acting)
12 Nov 1919
- 7 Apr 1925 Jaime Alberto de Castro Morais (b. 1882 - d. 1973)
7 Apr 1925 - 7 Jul 1925 Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira
(2nd time) (acting)
7 Jul 1925 - Jun 1926 Mariano Martins (b. 1880 - d. 1943)
Jun 1926 - 4 Aug 1926 Tito Augusto de Morais (acting) (b. 1880 - d. 1963)
4 Aug 1926 - 15 Aug 1926 Acurcio Mendes da Rocha Diniz
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1943)
15 Aug 1926 - 17 Apr 1929 Pedro Francisco Massano de Amorim (b. 1862 - d.
1929)
17 Apr 1929 - 12 Jul 1929 Acurcio Mendes da Rocha Diniz
(2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
25 Aug 1929 - 17 Sep 1936 João Carlos Craveiro Lopes (b. 1871 - d. 1945)
17 Sep 1936 - 12 Jul
1938 Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes (b. 1894 - d. 1964)
12 Jul 1938 - Jul 1945 José Ricardo Pereira Cabral (b. 1879 - d. 1956)
Jul 1945 - 8 Apr 1946 Paulo Bénard Guedes (1st time) (b. 1892 - d. 1960)
(acting)
8 Apr 1946 - 3 Aug 1947 José Silvestre Ferreira Bossa (b. 1894 - d. 1970)
3 Aug 1947 - 27 Jun 1948 Fernando Quintanilha Mendonça
e Dias (1st time) (acting) (b. 1898 - d. 1992)
27 Jun 1948 - 23 Dec 1948 José Alves Ferreira (acting) (b. 1891 - d. ...)
23 Dec 1948 - 1952 Fernando Quintanilha Mendonça
e Dias (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
1953 - 1958 Paulo Bénard Guedes (2nd time) (s.a.)
1958
- 1962 Manuel António Vassalo e Silva (b. 1899 - d. 1985)
19 Dec 1961 - 6 Jun 1962 K.P. Candeth (b. 1916 - d. 2003)
(Indian military governor)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tranquebar
1620 Danish rule
1808 - 1815 British rule
1845 part of British India

Governors (of the Danish East India Company to 1779)
1694 - 19 May 1701 Claus Vogdt
19 May 1701 - 1701 Andreas Andreæ (b. ... - d.
1701)
1701 - 1702 Mikkel Knudsen Crone (b. ... - d. 1716)
Jul 1702 - 1704 Jørgen Hermansen Bjørn (b. 1652 - d. 1704)
1 Jul 1704 - 20 Oct 1716 Johan Sigismund Hassius (b. 1664 - d. 1729)
20 Oct 1716 - 21 Jan 1720 Christen Brun-Lundegaard (b. ... - d. 1724)
23 Jan 1720 - 12 Oct 1726 Christian Ulrich von Nissen (b. 1691 - d. 1756)
12 Oct 1726 - 8 Aug 1730 Rasmus Hansen Attrup (b. ... - d. 1745)
8 Aug 1730 - 1 Aug 1733 Diderich
Mühlenport (b. ... - d. 1746)
1 Aug 1733 - 13 Jul 1741 Poul Krisk Panck (b. 1690 - d. 1747)
13 Jul 1741 - 17 Sep 1744 Ivar Bonsack (b. ... - d. 1748)
17 Sep 1744 - 5 Sep 1754 Hans Ernst Bonsack
5 Sep 1754 - 10 Aug 1759 Hans Georg Krog (b. 1720 - d. 1796)
9 May 1759 - 4 Jul 1760 Christian Frederik Høyer (b. ... - d. 1763)
4 Jul 1760 - 27 Apr 1761 Herman Jacob Forck (b. ... - d. 1761)
29 Apr 1761 - 14 Feb 1775 Peter Hermann Abbestee (1st
time) (b. 1728 - d. 1794)
14 Feb 1775 - 17 Jan 1779 David Brown (b. ... - d. 1784)
17 Jan 1779 - 17 May 1788 Peter Hermann Abbestee (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 May 1788 - 7 Feb 1806 Peter Anker (b. 1744 - d. 1832)
7 Feb 1806 - 13 Feb 1808 Johan Peter Hermannson (1st time) (b. ... - d. 1822)
20 Sep 1815 - 19 Nov 1816 Gerhard Sievers Bille (b. 1765 - d. 1816)
19 Nov 1816 - 15 Feb 1822 Johan Peter Hermannson (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Feb 1822 - 7 May 1823 Jens Kofoed (b. 1775 - d. 1833)
7 May 1823 - 7 Mar 1825 Ulrich Anton Schönheyder (b. 1775 - d. 1858)
7 Mar 1825 - 26 Mar 1829 Hans Diderich Brinck-Seidelin (b. 1779 - d. 1859)
26 Mar 1829 - 14 May 1832 Lauritz Christensen (b. 1793 - d. 1832)
17 May 1832 - 1 May 1838 Conrad Emil
Mourier (b. 1795 - d. 1865)
1 May 1838 - 18 Jun 1841 Johannes von Rehling (b. 1775 - d. 1841)
18 Jun 1841 - 15 Sep 1841 Christian Tiemroth (b. 1799 - d. 1888)
16 Oct 1841 - 7 Nov 1845 Peder
Hansen (b. 1798 - d. 1880)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Coromandel Coast
1608 Dutch
rule
1780 - 1784 British occupation
1795 - 1818 British occupation
1825 part of British India

Governors
1698 - 1705 Dirk Comans
1705 - 1710 Johannes van Steelandt
1710 - 1716 Daniel Bernard Guilliams
1716 - 1719 Adriaan de Visscher
1719 - 1723 Gerard van Westrenen
1723 - 1730 Dirk van Cloon (b. 1688 - d. 1735)
1730 - 1733 Adriaan
Pla
1733 - 1737 Elias Guillot
1738 - 1743 Jacob Mossel (b. 1704 - d. 1761)
1743 - 1747 Galenus Mersen
1747 - 1753 Librecht Hooreman
1753 - 1758 Steven Vermont
1758 - 1761 Lubbert Jan van Eck (b. 1719 - d. 1765)
1761 -
1765 Christiaan van Teylingen
1765 - 1773 Pieter Haksteen
1773 - 1780 Reinier van Vlissingen
1785 - 1789 Willem Blauwkamer
1790 - 1795 Jacob
Eilbracht
1818 - 1824 F.C. Regel
1824 - 1825 Henry François von Söhsten

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Malabar Coast
7 Jan 1663 Dutch rule
1795 British occupation
1818 annexed to British India

Commanders
1697 - 1701 Magnus Wichelmann
1701 - 1704 Abraham Vink
1704 - 1708 Willem
Moerman
1708 - 1709 Adam van der Duijn
1709 - 1716 Barend Ketel
1716 - 1723 Johannes Hertenberg
1723 - 1731 Jacob de
Jong
1731 - 1734 Adriaan Maten
1734 - 1742 Julius Valentijn Steijn von
Gollonesse
1742 -
1747 Reinierus Siersma
1747 - 1751 Corijn Stevens
1751 Abraham Cornelis de la Haye
1751 - 1756 Frederik Cunes
1756
- 1761 Casparus de Jong
1761 - 1765 Godefrid Weyerman
1765 - 1768 Cornelis Breekpot
1768 - 1770 Christiaan Lodewijk Senff
1770
- 1781 Adriaan Moens
1781 - 1793 Johan Gerard von Angelbeek
1793 - 1795 Jan Lambertus van Spall

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sikkim
1642 'Bras-ljongs (Sikkim) kingdom established
af.1793 - 1817 annexed by Nepal
16 May
1975 annexed to India (retroactive to 26 Apr 1975)
(see under Indian states after 1947 M-W)

Kings (title Maharaja; from 11 Mar 1965 Mi-dbang Chos-rgyal-chen-po [Chogyal])
- rNam-rgyal dynasty -
1642 - 1670 Phun-tshogs rNam-rgyal I (b. 1604 - d. 1670)
[Phuntso Namgyal I]
1670 - 1700 bsTan-srung rNam-rgyal (b. 1644 - d. 1700)
[Tensung Namgyal]
1700
- 1716 Phyag-dor rNam-rgyal (b. 1686 - d. 1716)
[Chhagdor Namgyal]
1716 - 1733 'Gyur-med rNam-rgyal (b. 1707 - d. 1733)
[Gyurmed Namgyal]
1733 Phun-tshogs rNam-rgyal II
[Phuntso Namgyal II] (1st time) (b. 1733 - d. 1780)
1733
- 17.. Chan-dzod rTa-mgrin
[Chandzod Tamding] (usurper)
17.. - 1780 Phun-tshogs rNam-rgyal II
[Phuntso Namgyal II] (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1780 - 1793 bsTan-'dzin rNam-rgyal (b. 1769 - d. 1793)
[Tenzing Namgyal]
(in exile from 17...)
1793 - 1862 gTsug-phud rNam-rgyal (b. 1785 - d. 1863)
[Tsugphud Namgyal]
(in exile ...-1817)
1862 - Apr 1874 Srid-skyong Sprul-sku rNam-rgyal I
[Sidkeong Trulku Namgyal I] (b. 1819 - d. 1874)
(regent 1861-62)
Apr 1874 - 10 Feb 1914
mThu-stobs rNam-rgyal
[Thutob Namgyal (from 12 Dec 1911,
Sir Thutob Namgyal)] (b. 1860 - d. 1914)
(in exile in Tibet 1892-93 and in India 1893-95)
11 Feb 1914 - 5 Dec 1914 Srid-skyong Sprul-sku rNam-rgyal II
[Sidkeong Trulku Namgyal II] (b. 1879 - d. 1914)
5 Dec 1914 - 2 Dec 1963 bKra-shis rNam-rgyal
[Tashi Namgyal (from 1 Jan 1923,
Sir Tashi Namgyal)] (b. 1893 - d. 1963)
3 Dec 1963 - 14 Apr 1975
dPal-ldan Don-grub rNam-rgyal
[Palden Thondup Namgyal] (b. 1923 - d. 1982)
Chief Executive
14 Apr 1975 - 16 May 1975 Bipen Bihari
Lal (b. 1917)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chief ministers
9 Aug 1949 - 1954 J.S. Lall (b. 1919)
1954 - 1959 Nari Kaikhosru Rustomji (b. 1919)
1959 - 1963 Baleshwar Prasad (b. 1914)
Chief administrative officers

1963 - Apr 1968 R.N. Haldipur (1st time) (b. ... - d. 2003)
Apr 1968 - Nov 1968 Netuk Tshering
Nov 1968 - 9 Apr 1973 R.N. Haldipur (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Apr 1973 - 23 Jul 1974 B.S. Das
Prime minister
23 Jul 1974 - 16 May 1975 Kazi Lhendup Dorji (b. 1904)

British political officers
1889 - 1908 John Claude
White (b. 1853 - d. 1918)
1908 - 1920 Charles Bell (1st time) (b. 1870 - d. 1945)
1920 John Bartley (b. 1886 - d. 1954)
1920 - 1921 Charles Bell (2nd time) (s.a.)
1921 - 1928 Frederick Marshman Bailey (b. 1882 - d. 1967)
1928 - 1932 Leslie Weir (b. 1883 - d. 1950)
1932 - 1935 Frederick Williamson (b. 1891 - d. 1935)
1935 - 1945 Basil Gould (from 1941,
Sir Basil Gould) (b. 1883 - d.
1956)
1945 - 1947 Arthur John Hopkinson (b. 1894 - d. 1953)